COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY AS A METHOD OF CORRECTION OF ADOLESCENTS SELF-HARM

Abstract

The article analyzes the features of self-harm in adolescence. The level of prevalence of self-harm among adolescents is determined and the main age, social and psychological factors that provoke intentional self-harm by adolescents are established.

The concept of "self-harm" in this article is defined by psychological and psychiatric practice, namely, as a symptom of mental disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and others; as a sign of psychological problems of the adolescent, too high intrapersonal and social pressure on the individual.

The concept of autoaggression includes various forms of aggressive behavior and thinking directed not at the external environment, but at oneself (self-humiliation, extreme sports, tattoos, piercings).

Peculiarities of application of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a method that allows to work with irrational, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs of a teenager, and a method of correction of irrational stereotypes of thinking and behavior are revealed. The mechanisms that ensure the emergence and maintenance of maladaptive stereotypes of thinking and autoaggressive behavior of the individual are described.

The process of working with autoaggression in the framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy includes four stages: the stage of analysis, which consists in identifying the components of the problem of self-harm and awareness of supporting processes and mechanisms of its occurrence; stage of confrontation, which consists in a critical analysis of the components of the problem and finding ways to solve it, alternative ways of behavior and thinking; stage of the experiment, which consists in testing in practice new ways of thinking and behaving; the final stage, where the teenager learns to cope with different situations using the acquired knowledge and form new behavioral stereotypes. Peculiarities of corrective work with autoaggressive behavior of adolescents were identified and recommendations were provided on how to react and work with a teenager who is physically harming himself.