TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: THE CLINICAL-ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASPECT

Abstract

The article outlines various concepts that were used since the beginning of legal psychological development and follows their evolution up to the late 20th century. Thus, it outlines various developmental issues in the main legal and psychological directions in the second half of the 20th century, in the context of Thomas Samuel Kuhn’s paradigmatic approach and consideration of the influence of the main psychological paradigms, for instance, behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and cognitivist psychology.

The article relies on the systematization of basic anthropological and clinical paradigmatic concepts in modern legal psychology and describes social determinism as a framework used to develop programs to prevent the formation of a criminogenic environment, based on modeling external factors that will affect an individual’s behavior. In the behaviorist context, this manifestation caused a transition to social behaviorism, represented by Albert Bandura. In an interparadigmatic context, the implementation of elements of anthropology made it possible to talk about the development of new synthetic theories of psychological development, in particular in the works of Deleuze and Guattari and the social-psychological oriented psychoanalysis of Erich Fromm.

Among the conclusions of the study, it was determined that in the development of legal psychology since the second half of the 20th century, there has been a process of transition to the socio-humanitarian character of the problem study, as well as consideration of social-legal behavior from an attempt to logically formalize the available knowledge, which was inherent in legal-psychological paradigms from 1950 to 1985. Accordingly, said changes led to the phenomenon of paradigm shift in legal psychology and the emergence of the social constructivist paradigm in the 21st century.