RETREAT RECOVERY PROGRAMS FOR THE FAMILIES OF PRISONERS OF WAR DEFENDERS OF MARIUPOL

Abstract

This article presents a systematic analysis of the psychological condition of families of imprisoned defenders of Mariupol and summarises practical experience gained from organising specialised rehabilitation retreats for wives and mothers of prisoners of war between 2022 and 2025. The study is grounded in Pauline Boss’s concept of ambiguous loss, resilience-oriented approaches, and neurophysiological models of chronic stress. Particular attention is paid to the prolonged uncertainty in which a loved one is physically absent but remains psychologically present, preventing the completion of the grieving process and contributing to chronic emotional distress.

The article analyses the neuropsychological consequences of prolonged stress exposure, including hypervigilance, cognitive exhaustion, impaired concentration and memory, emotional instability, somatic symptoms, and social isolation. It is argued that standard PTSD protocols and trauma-focused approaches are insufficient for this population because they fail to account for the absence of closure and the cyclical reactivation of stress caused by news about exchanges, deaths in captivity, or fraudulent manipulation.

The paper identifies key criteria for participant selection in psychological retreats, emphasising preliminary psychological and psychiatric screening, group homogeneity, and retraumatisation prevention. Particular attention is devoted to the therapeutic role of peer support communities, psychoeducation adapted to cognitive exhaustion, resource-oriented interventions, restoration of daily routines, and the creation of emotionally safe environments.

A comparative analysis of international experience from the United States, Israel, and Argentina demonstrates the effectiveness of integrated rehabilitation models combining psychological, social, and medical support. The article also outlines prospects for further development through medical integration, peer-to-peer support models, and digital platforms for continuous psychosocial assistance.