PSYCHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF UNCERTAIN LOSS: THE «HEART OF UNCERTAINTY» MODEL

Abstract

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the psychological phenomenon of ambiguous loss and the specifics of human adaptation under prolonged uncertainty. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing levels of uncertainty in the modern world, particularly in the context of social transformations, war, and forced migration.

The paper reviews contemporary approaches to the study of loss, grief, and uncertainty, including stage-based and task-oriented models, processual perspectives, the theory of continuing bonds, post-traumatic growth, and intolerance of uncertainty. Particular attention is paid to ambiguous loss, which is characterized by the lack of clarity regarding the status of loss and the impossibility of completing the grieving process. It is shown that existing theories do not fully explain the dynamic nature of psychological regulation in such conditions.

Based on an integrative analysis, ambiguous loss is conceptualized as a complex, multidimensional, and non-linear process. Uncertainty is defined as a system-forming factor that maintains internal tension, combines hope and despair, and disrupts emotional stability and adaptation.

The key contribution is the development of the “Heart of Uncertainty” model, which conceptualizes adaptation as a dynamic process of psychological regulation. The model introduces “psychological valves” that regulate the flow of mental energy.

Four main response vectors are identified: personal growth, maintenance of a psychological bond, depressive immersion, and avoidance. They are grouped into active and passive modes of adaptation. Active responses support integration and meaning-making, while passive responses involve emotional blockage or avoidance.

The model emphasizes the dynamic interaction of these vectors, their combinations, and transitions over time, highlighting the fluid nature of adaptation. The article also outlines research prospects and hypotheses regarding the relationship between response types and psychological outcomes.

Overall, the study integrates approaches to loss, trauma, and uncertainty, offering a new framework for research and psychological practice.