FIELD PERSPECTIVE OF WORKING WITH A TRAINING GROUP IN THE GESTALT APPROACH

Abstract

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of theoretical research on field theory, from it's founder Kurt Lewin to modern explorations of the field perspective in the Gestalt approach. Field theory is viewed as a concept or method, namely: as a method for analyzing causal relationships and constructing scientific constructs.

The article presents a comprehensive overview of techniques for recording the structure of small groups, registering various aspects of group life and processes of group interaction, from a separate analysis of the living space of each group to group behavior in a common social field. Special attention is paid to group experimentation, which will force the researcher to recognize as reality the entire set of factors that determine group life. In particular, the fact that social events depend on the social field as a whole, and not on a few selected elements.

A significant place in the study is occupied by the analysis of field theory in the Gestalt approach, which has a holistic, that is, holistic nature. It does not divide difficulties into separate elements, but analyzes them in the context of a person's entire life experience, emphasizing that emotions, thinking, and behavior are components of a single interconnected system.The psychological field within this theory is viewed as a dynamic entity that is constantly changing, like a living ecosystem. An important place is also given to the influence of the environment on the behavior of the individual. According to this concept, changes often become possible through the transformation of the environment, which, changing, affects the field and the individual himself. The key concepts of field theory in the Gestalt approach are considered: figure and background, contact, contact cycle, needs, boundaries, holistic and dynamic, phenomenal and phenomenological field. As well as the principles on which field theory in Gestalt therapy is based: the principle of simultaneity; the principle of organization; the principle of uniqueness; the principle of a changing process; the principle of possible significance.

This article is of great importance, both from a theoretical and practical point of view. Field theory can be applied to individual and group psychotherapeutic work. The field includes various possibilities that the phenomenology of events opens up, as well as phenomena that we are not aware of, but which exist, they can become aware and our perception of the field will completely change.