ОРCAUSES OF DEPRESSION IN ADOLESCENTS: PREVENTION, PSYCHOCORRECTION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING IN WAR CONDITIONS

Abstract

The article addresses the issue of depressive disorders in adolescence, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of modern social transformations. The study analyzes the approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to the investigation of the causes, symptomatology, and age-specific features of depressive states in adolescents. Particular attention is paid to the challenges of early diagnosis, manifestations of depression at different stages of childhood development, and common errors in recognizing this psychological disorder during adolescence. It has been described that depression is often accompanied by a negative attitude towards oneself, which manifests itself in excessive self-criticism, low self-esteem, an inferiority complex and a feeling of personal worthlessness, or even a complete collapse of life. Adolescence is characterized by a period of complex personality formation, and such traits as protest, conflict, and negativism are perceived by adults as normal manifestations of age-related changes. It has been proven that for effective correction of adolescent depression, a comprehensive approach is important, which includes involving parents and teachers in educational work regarding the main manifestations of depression and methods of its prevention and correction. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the article proposes directions for improving preventive and psychocorrectional work with adolescents experiencing depression. For the correction of depressive states, an effective approach is cognitive behavioral therapy, which is aimed at transforming negative thinking. When overcoming depression in adolescence, art therapy methods are also particularly effective. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to the study and treatment of adolescent depression involving the family, school, and mental health professionals.